Zinc for acne reddit. Jan 13, 2022 · Zinc for Acne Reviews.
Zinc for acne reddit There's got to be a zinc oxide product that isn't the consistency of toothpaste with the scent of baby powder. Not sure about zinc supplements, but there are a lot of zinc skincare products available that may help reduce/eliminate acne. I take zinc supplements as well:). Acne vulgaris — commonly known as acne — affects up to 80% of people at some point between the ages of 11 and 30. 39) benzyl benzoate (1. However because your acne has been caused by purging, I don't think the anti-septic properties of Sudocrem will make a lick of difference to you, unless you find yourself picking at your acne. salicylic acid, azaleic acid or adapalen. I (33F) am finally seeing an improvement in my stubborn adult acne. since then, I was on the hunt for a good quality zinc, and I found the holy grail: zinc picolinate from Thorne. I’ve never struggled with acne and this is very sudden. My dermatologist told me I have normal acne but she was across the room and never really looked closely at my skin. Unfortunately I don't know of any fungal acne safe cleansers. , the first day I feel the tingle and it appears as a slight lump), I apply a gob of Desitin on it, cover with band-aid, and leave on overnight. Hope this helps! The zinc oxide itself is an anti-inflammatory, and what it's mixed with (usually white petrolatum, aka vaseline) acts as nothing more than a vehicle to deliver the zinc and act as a barrier. I had cystic acne for 15 years and was on accutane. I sleep really really well with zinc at bedtime, it works great for me for that. 29% W/W) lanolin (4. For me zinc was the difference between severe and moderate acne. I use Glossier’s Super Pure which is zinc and niacinamide and have been happy with the results. 300mg/day is a whole different story, but could be a short term shock protocol I'm not familiar with. Oct 30, 2018 · Also read: How to choose the best acne treatment Biggest Take-Aways: Zinc works by supporting the immune system, which can help reduce inflammation caused by acne. Using co-forms of zinc that have other uses in the body like zinc sulfate, (which you are) and zinc glycinate instead of zinc picolinate or zinc gluconate is superior as picolinate & gluconate are worthless binding agents once cleaved from the zinc in digestion. Your acne may start coming to a head/ forming white pus heads at first. 6%, Organic Extracts Of Neem, Brahmi, Shatavari, Licorice, Vitamin E, Lecithin, Organic Essential Oil Of Rose, Xanthan Gum Daghan ra gihapon ko pimples and it was very frustrating until last month nagtry kog zinc supplement and whoosh miraculously nawagtang tanan and since then wa nay breakout akong nawng. Took me six months of using TO Zinc and Niacinamide to realize that was what was causing my breakouts. Try taking it from natural sources like wheat grass juice, pumpkin seed oil etc. I used zinc in high school religiously and it made, at most, a modest difference in my acne. I wanna use it for my fungal acne (in the face) because those two are found to be both effective in treating fungal acne. La Roche Cicaplast has zinc in it, it’s thick, but not as thick as the average diaper cream. I have fairly sensitive combination oily and dry skin. Disclaimer lang din sa mga balak bumili, just because gumana siya sa iba doesn't mean na gagana rin siya sa inyo. 67 votes, 14 comments. Zinc oxide is a dermatological agent with astringent, soothing and protective properties. If your acne is hormonal than you need to look at other options. But the first few days I took it, I noticed my skin was so much brighter. a applying diaper cream at night is trending nowadays. But most diaper creams aren't FA-safe. Now 34. Chemical sunscreens worsen my acne. I have also had periods of time with no acne. Hope this helps u! Zinc oxide works well as anti inflammatory. Interesting that you noted about Squalane and flair ups. Mostly small postules and tons of closed comedones. Acne is 90% gone and the scars are noticeable but much better. I'm really glad I did this because I found patterns. I used a Zinc sulfate monohydrate supplement years ago on and off that would clear my acne especially cystic acne. Even if the Zinc did substantially raise your Testosterone (unlikely) it would take a couple weeks of having higher T levels for your low T symptoms to subside. However my face looks really inflamed almost all the time and feels that way too. I have successfully reduced my acne with stridex, ocm and moisturizer. e. Please do not post potentially harmful misinformation which includes, but is not limited to, myths linking masturbation and acne, using cold water to "close" pores, drinking more water to get rid of acne, putting baking soda or lemon juice on pimples, etc. Apr 1, 2017 · I've been taking 2x 12. I recently thought I found my holy grail sunscreen in the Pratima Neem Rose Sunscreen SPF 30. In the past few months I have suddenly developed painful cystic acne on my chin, forehead, and back. 5 Texture: light serum, that can foam when rubbed in and leaves a sticky residue Review: this product is my holy grail. I've been taking zinc supplements for three years now. If you are exercising and sweating or outside and sweating don’t use occlusive moisturizers. Especially ladies my age still experiencing hormonal acne. Adding vitamin d3/k2 and vitamin b5 was the difference between moderate and mild acne. It’s itchy and just keeps getting worse. I have a little tube of zinc oxide with a very high concentration of zinc in it (400mg/g) It's a VERY thick paste, thickest product I've ever seen in terms of skincare. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Anyways I left it on overnight and I woke up in the morning morning amazed! I have acne and mild facial redness that makes me look perpetually sweaty/ hot/ angry. She claims it helps with facial inflamation/acne due to the zinc that is found in most diaper creams (i will post her tiktok link below). acnes. i read online that a girl having the same problems as me mixed a bit of zinc "However, zinc supplements are usually only available in minimum formulations of 45 or 50 mg of elemental zinc. You can do 50mg/day zinc with added copper for a long time. One dermatologist on Insta mentioned she actually recommends “anti-dandruff shampoo” for acne due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal effects (something to do with zinc content of the shampoo). It's the extra-strength Zincofax, the pink box with the baby on the front, and it has 40% white petroleum jelly and 47% zinc oxide. I have only taken 10 pills So far and for the last two days i have noticed peeling on my cheeks. Basically -- it's just high in Zinc Oxide. To anyone who suffers from stubborn acne, itry ninyo pagtake ug zinc basin mao ray solusyon sa inyong problema. Skin care routine and pillow cases have almost eliminated my acne. So Far it s seems to go well But i have pih that doesnt seem to change as of Now. I noticed results within 2-3 days. Although my acne did not look like fungal, I bought a bottle of Head and Shoulders and tried it. Well I was desperate enough to try it because the redness on my skin has been really upsetting me. People have been kinda hitting both possible issues, either that TO has a bad formulation or that the % niacinamide is too high for you. Sep 28, 2024 · I'd suggest speaking to the dermatologist again to see what they recommend, because mega-dosing zinc for acne is not a protocol I've researched. Then I got onto spironolactone and it never happened again. Strong formulations (ie 40% zinc oxide, 60% white petrolatum) are used as diaper rash creams since it not only soothes the burn and itching, it also dries I have acne prone skin I have been using mineral sunscreen having 50 percent zinc oxide, rest is silicon I have noticed that this sunscreen dry my pimples by evening and reduced inflammation . This SAME exact thing just happened to me! Also, to make things worse it was after a round of Accutane so I was freaking out thinking my acne was coming back. Anyway, although it might be fine to use short-term in a targeted way, 50mg Zinc is definitely too much for long-term use. Diet and supplementation solved the acne issue for me. Some people say zinc diaper cream helps with their acne too. I always do this very consistently. i have to keep the dose under 50 mg per day tho, as i get severe nausea w the higher doses. If a brand is doing otherwise, it is a really weird brand. Bumili ako nito last time (180 capsules) since sobrang desperado ko na ayusin sleeping problems ko and noong ginamit ko na, mas lalo akong nahirapan matulog and hindi malalim tulog ko (8/8 times na tinake ko siya before bedtime, same results). So it is 50mg elemental Zinc; not 7. A quick look on the public feeds, and you’ll read post after post stating that “zinc cleared my acne in days”. Get feedback. The acne waned a lot when I went on the pill, but for a lot of reasons, I had to get off it when I was 32. Dec 6, 2016 · To me, Zinc helps healing acne wound faster but not significantly reduce to pimples. However, the case behind whether zinc for acne is actually effective is a little unconvincing. 50mg/day might very well be safe (especially if you're taking 1mg/day of Copper alongside it) but more isn't always better in most cases, especially micronutrients (even a few mg/day of Copper can be toxic too, for what it's worth). tl;dr - 50 MG of Zinc Gluconate per day (half with meal early in day, half with meal late part of day) has started to cure my acne about 80% after 2 weeks. ive tried zinc and it helped with acne a lot but one time I had such pain stomach pain I almost went to the ER. But honestly I just noticed my skin was glowing. I never paid close enough attention to know for sure, though. Zinc oxide is an Salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, hyaluronic acid, tretinoin, retinol, pyrithione zinc, etc. Posts of interest to residents of Cambridge, Kitchener, Waterloo, and the surrounding townships are welcome, as well as occasional discussions about the Battle of Waterloo. i use the following, with much success: I personally wouldn't recommend taking more than 30mg/day of supplemental Zinc, but that's just me. , it is highly unlikely that Zinc would be able to raise anything more than just a marginal boost. This does not mean the zinc is making it worse—this means the acne is starting to heal. I found also that taking zinc pills for acne also work out pretty well. I take 5mg chelated zinc each night and it seems that when I started the zinc, the acne started. Taken as a drink. I really think it’s fungal acne. My Pocketderm doctor suggested I use soap with pyrithione zinc in it 2-3 times a week because I may have a fungal infection (gross I know) causing acne. I think they reformulated the shampoo now so it doesn't have zinc pyrithone (?) in it anymore but plenty of shampoos still do. I’ve had problem hormonal acne since I was 13. Maybe my experience can help people who are going through a similar problem. It's a tricky & complicated balance. 'normal' face creams and moisturizers may have zinc in them, but not at 12-20% and in zinc oxide form typically. 02) benzyl alcohol (0. For instance, to get 25mg of elemental zinc from zinc gluconate, you'd need about 194mg of zinc gluconate. My current night routine is cera ve moisturizer, zinc based athletes foot cream and prescription tret. I take this mostly for immunity because I work at a hospital. You may or may not find that zinc works in your case. Cosrx - Acne Pimple Master Patch (my favorite overall and lighter color than others--I'm ghostly pale) 3M Nexcare - Acne Care Dressing Pimple Stickers (next favorite) There's a few other brands like Acwin, and MedCa looks just like the 3M Nexcare. I’m almost done a bottle of zinc supplements, it’s been about 2 months, no effect. k. using the right cleaning products helps eliminate any residual acne since my skin is sensitive, but the really bad pimples all seem to come from hormones/diet. So I did a bit of research and in fact Im far from being the first to discover the positive influence of zinc on acne. Zinc oxide by itself is a white, very drying non-irritating powder with antibacterial properties. and also increase your Vitamin A and E intake. I have suffered from mild to moderate to, at times, severe acne, since I was about 12. g. I went on birth control when I was 13, I had horrible cystic acne throughout middle and high school (even have the scars to prove it, unfortunately). Sep 18, 2018 · Reddit, along with skin-care blogs, believe zinc can treat acne. I wondered for years why it stopped working, then recently found out they had changed the formula from zinc sulfate monohydrate to zinc amino acid. May 13, 2024 · Patel explains that zinc can be quite thick and occlusive, and can prevent other skincare products from penetrating—hence why zinc is often recommended for acne patients to use in the form of a face wash or cleanser that is rinsed away before the rest of your routine is applied, allowing for maximum effectiveness for both zinc and anything I never get acne anymore outside of my hair follicles, but my skin texture isn't quite where I'd like it to be, after years of using damaging skin products and having regular acne. Because fungal acne can only be diagnosed by a physician, is fairly uncommon, and most people haven't heard of it, there isn't a demand for OTC fungal acne cleansers on the market. Haven't had a flair up in years. Acne body wash just served to dry out my skin and make it more prone to breakouts in general. Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Redness is often caused by irritation or some skin conditions (acne, rosacea, etc. For those, I found that diaper cream with zinc oxide helps (immensely!) with inflammation and scarring. If left untreated, they can last weeks to months. zinc oxide (15. It only contains a small amount of Elemental Zinc, which is the kind that actually helps with acne. It’s great for spot treating. Many people with long term acne will also have pityrosporum folliculitis, which is basically fungal acne. Zinc helps your skin cells slough off naturally instead of sticking together, leading to blocked pores. Hormonal acne is a beast and is very hard to take care of with traditional topical acne treatments, because it isn't necessarily caused by dirt / bacteria on top of the skin, but by the overstimulation of androgen receptors inside of the I had lots of normal (not cystic, but still annoying and painful) acne, and about 5 years ago a blood test showed I was deficient in vitamin D. Keep doing what your doing because it’s working. There is little to suggest that such doses are unsafe over short time periods. If you have a sensitive stomach, take in the middle of a larger meal. I’ve tried everything, and nothing worked. If certain studies on zinc are to be believed, zinc should be helping me with healing from that stuff. Highly recommend. 02) benzyl cinnamate (0. I learned that you most zinc supplements cannot be taken on an empty stomach. But I learned recently that taking too much Zinc long term can have some negative consequences on overall health, so I just wanted to let you all know what I found in case anyone else is making the same mistake as me. in fact a lot of the acne washes seemed to worsen my acne over periods of 6+ months. It works pretty fast if you’re taking enough. Even a short scroll on zinc acne Reddit reveals similar hype, with positive results sitting in the 90% range, and only 10% left to either negative or simply no change in condition. (thanks everyone for the light zinc suggestions, keep em coming!) I had acne and had to have daily injections for a week, then weekly for a month, then monthly for the past 4 years. You can't buy elemental zinc on it's own, but you can find it embedded in other zinc forumations such as zinc gluconate, or zinc oxide, in smaller concentrations. 90/oz CAD First 5 ingredients: Aqua (Water), Niacinamide, Pentylene Glycol, Zinc PCA, Dimethyl Isosorbide pH: 5-6. I use Emergen-C because it For four months, it’s been great. I've been taking 2x 12. i've tried just leaving it, i've tried just water, i've tried gentle soap, and i've also tried plenty of acne washes, prescription creams etc and nothing worked. true. But everybody has different reaction to Zinc. Price/oz: $5. For a year now I have been using a zinc pyrithione shampoo as a face mask. Pero opt for sodium ascorbate if you're acidic. In that case, Sudocrem will help to prevent infections from bacteria getting transferred from your hands into the picked areas. It's the name of the product, diaper rash cream. Try it. Zinc is an important anti-inflammatory for the skin. ). for my skin, i found dietary supplements to make the biggest dent in my acne. Great in makeup and sunscreen. I started taking supplements and lo and behold, my acne cleared up - I didn't believe it could be related until every time I stopped taking it, acne reappeared. Jul 21, 2024 · I had the same, always on the jaw and side of the face, sometimes forehead, big really painful angry ones. The most effective things for me have been showering immediately after working out (like in the gym), changing sheets and pillowcases frequently, and using regular aveeno body wash instead of an acne body wash. Zinc, however, may actually help decrease the severity of acne. Differences in oil production, bacteria colonization, pore differences and how strong your immune system is activated against antigens such as p. Acne, especially adult acne, is often referred to as hormonal acne. Zinc Oxide - there's a paste you can put on your face and it seems to do pretty well (other areas too if you get it on your back or w/e). The zinc pills mighttttt be helping somewhat, but I’ve actually seen the most improvement in my acne by consistently using a zinc oxide sunscreen. Jun 27, 2019 · Regarding acne on the face, this doesn't have to occur in everyone who has a zinc deficiency. Tried a zinc cream - sudocrem - it didn't help/made things worse. I did some research on this thread that said using directly i've been struggling with acne for awhile but recently having a flare up of fungal acne. I am 25/f and I have never had skin issues before. It has both KETOCONAZOLE and ZINC PYRITHIONE as its main ingredients. Glad you were able to figure it out! Some sell it with Zinc, yung iba with Bioflavonoids. Once I started paying attention to ingredients and avoided possible triggers, I found not 1 but 4(!!!) sunscreens that have worked for my skin. I've used it at times for sports bra rash. Do this 2/3 times a week. Does it help acne? Perhaps. I don't really think it matters what brand you get though so long as it has that zinc oxide. I'm hesitant because the soap she recommended comes in bar form and has a high pH. The Reddit of Waterloo includes news from throughout the Region of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. Yung Rani-C so far ang pinakamurang nabili ko sa Watsons. I've been taking Zinc supplements as part of an anti-acne skincare regimen, and I've been happy with my overall results. I just discovered this shampoo earlier today in Mercury drug. Zinc oxide and palm derivatives were the most obvious ones from the start. tldr; Would Zinc Pyrithione cause anti-fungal resistance if used long-term? For example, if formulated in a Tretinoin + Zinc Pyrithione gel for long-term use? I have tried to find studies in relation to antifungal resistance of malassezia. But for acne there are better options e. Also, when zinc levels rise, your copper levels lower. TGP has the cheapest variant sa botika dito. See if you can find a zinc supplement that has some copper in it as well. Thank u sm! My skincare routine is as follows: CeraVe foaming facial cleanser (AM + PM), The Ordinary Niacinamide plus Zinc serum (AM + PM), CeraVe Facial Moisturising lotion with SPF 25 (AM). It’s a mineral formula, and contains: Ionized Water, Non-Nano Micronized Zinc Oxide 18. Dermatologists explain when it can I take 50mg daily to fight cystic acne and clogged pores due to my deficiency. Yeah true, I've used head&shoulders on my face as a mask 2-3 times within a week and the fungal acne (forehead) was gone and hasn't come back since. Zinc reduces keratinocyte activation. Every other day seems like a good idea. Been fighting hormonal blemishes ever since then. Vitamin C + Zinc. " yeah it's what pops up when you search. That is when I decided to try it on the face as well. You're better off slowly incorporating a solid skincare routine and having patience. The digestive issues it caused were not worth it. Jan 13, 2022 · Zinc for Acne Reviews. Yeap. I do not have acne anymore so not sure personally if it helps. It has the consistency like any other serum, not too thick nor too watery. It’s in my cleanser (la Roche Posay Effaclar purifying) and I’ve noticed an improvement in my skin since using it. Some nasty, painful cysts still pop, but much less frequently. Regardless, I still get a few cystic pimples the week after my period. I wouldn't like it on my face, it's too thick. Lots of people can tolerate 10 and even 20% niacinamide, but remember YMMV. I have a few big pimples but every day I wake up with more tiny little bumps all in the same Zinc oxide is often formulated into thick creams that contain lanolin and fatty alcohols and those could worsen acne. Zinc has been used extensively both topically and systemically for the management of acne vulgaris since the time its favorable effect on acne was recognized by Michaelsson in a patient of acrodermatitis enteropathica and subsequent studies demonstrated low serum zinc in acne patients [23–28]. I’ve had a hard time finding a cream that doesn’t have other ingredients I’m sensitive to though, I literally just bought uncoated zinc oxide powder and I’m going to mix it with one of my lotions to see if it helps I am a 26 y/o female and I suffer from what I believe is hormonal acne, tied to my menstrual cycle. sebum) and many acne sufferers are super oily; in addition many people with acne who've done courses of oral antibiotics or BP have altered the microbial balance of their skin, and the fungus has If your Testosterone was so low as to cause depression, low libido, low energy etc. Active Ingredient: Zinc Oxide (20%) Inactive Ingredients: Mineral Oil, Petrolatum So y'all know that face basting a. If I’m able to catch one in its early stages (i. Keratinocytes are cells that produce keratin, a tough protein that binds skin cells together. Combination skin. But I keep reading about all of these horror stories of unrelenting hormonal acne that no one seems to know how to prevent or treat. i've tried just about everything under the sun to get rid of my acne. i can only get into my derm on 8/21, so i kinda have to figure things out myself rn (they're not super helpful anyway) i've been using zinc shampoo in place of my typical face wash, and plan to pick up nizoral as well asap. 4% of the global population. By the way, before this I had taken regular (non-picolonate) zinc for a year or two with no results. NOTHING WORKED. I just want to be clear, the reason zinc cleared up my acne was because I had a zinc deficiency, meaning the zinc deficiency was the cause of my acne. For those who have acne, try supplementing with 30mg zinc per day, and apply it topically to your skin in place of your moisturizer (I personally use Zincofax), twice daily. I thought my acne was from that. zinc is very tricky. Jul 25, 2023 · I used a Zinc sulfate monohydrate supplement years ago on and off that would clear my acne especially cystic acne. awesome, congrats! i have both acne and rosacea, and i also have found that zinc supps absolutely help improve my skin. Apply to the areas you get acne, wait for up to 5 minutes, then rinse. As soon as I stop taking zinc, it all comes back. Zeriod pimprove ampoule is designed to be a spot treatment, it has zinc gluconate I believe, which is really good too. Be sure to start low dose, 15mg to 30 mg at bedtime. First, my current skin-care regimen and products: La Roche-Posay Effaclar Face Wash every morning and every night. If it causes acne, there is no reason to use it, no matter how many benefits they said it has. I’d say try a few different products with zinc in them to know for sure if it works for you, and if so, that’s awesome! A few weeks ago I started taking a zinc supplement every other day, alternating between that and a multivitamin. Nov 28, 2024 · I’ve been taking zinc pills for 2 months, but my acne actually got worse. Point is, just because someone supplements with b12 doesn’t necessarily mean the b12 is the only explanation for their acne. Inflammation is one of the root causes of acne. I just recovered from covid about 4 weeks ago so I don’t feel like I need the zinc anymore per say. However, larger doses ingested as supplements or unwittingly consumed in excess as zinc-containing dental fixatives may cause copper deficiency. . You should try to find the best Zinc form to enhance absorption. The type I use is called Zinc for Acne by Puritan's Pride and it seems to be doing some good on my deeper acne. Will update next week! Update: Update: 50mg of Gluconate is not enough. r/acne supports an evidence based approach to acne treatment. My preference for least likely to cause nausea is zinc picolinate. It did not just clear my acne, but also resolved the bumpy texture of my back skin. Have recently started taking an iron supplement that has zinc (after a few months of taking an iron one that didn't have zinc) and I reckon it is speeding up the recovery of any pimples I do have. 5 mg of zinc per day for the past one and a half week and my acne keeps receding and I barely grow any new zits at all. It occurs because the fungus uses the same food source as the bacteria that causes acne (ie. Mineral supplements, including the one OP shared, denote the elemental Zinc amount. Acne is a common skin disease that is estimated to affect up to 9. Sometimes I feel like I want to cut my skin off and it’s really hard to get it off that feeling. Mine is fine, not sure about yours. I only get cystic acne: they typically stay underground and are painful. I take 50mg daily to fight cystic acne and clogged pores due to my deficiency. Calamine is in a lot of those spot repair acne treatments, so that makes sense! I use the Mario Badescu one, I used the Mizon one before but didn't think it was as effective. Rinse whole face, wash lower half of face with zinc soap (DermaHarmony 2% Pyrithione Zinc (ZnP) Bar Soap) Clinique Dramatically Different Moisturizing Lotion Pink Biore sunscreen (KAO Biore Smooth UV Perfect Light Milk SPF 50 + PA++++ 30 ml) The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1%. My existing acne calmed down as well. My acne improved (no longer jaw acne) But i still get whiteheads on my cheek (the rate is about 2 every two days) that dry the day after they appear. Supplementing Zinc and adding zinc athletes foot cream to my nightly routine ended my struggle in a week. I'm not 100% what type of acne I had or exactly what made it go away, but I think it is at least in part due to starting using an anti-fungal face wash (Nizoral Anti-Dandruff Shampoo with 1% Ketoconazole). 15) Available in the “baby” aisle at most big supermarkets and always at Boots/Superdrug. Great mood booster though. Somewhere I read that zinc does help with this. I have good luck with zinc oxide. People with moderate to severe acne may have a zinc deficiency, which can be identified by symptoms such as dermatitis/acne, low body temperature, and delayed wound healing. Oct 31, 2012 · If zinc levels are on the high side already it might break you out by increasing hormones. I decided to try them after noticing that mineral sunscreen seems to help my acne and zinc oxide is an ingredient in that. The Mario Badescu one also has zinc and salicylic acid in it. I’ve been struggling with very inflamed moderate acne for a few months. 👩🏻Skin type- Oily acne prone; very resistant ♀️🔞Age and gender- 17F Climate- Hot and humid (coastal area 🏝️🐠🍹) Product mentioned above- TO niacinamide 10% plus zinc 1% REVIEW. The zinc in your sunscreen while not the antifungal pyrithione zinc prevents Malassezia biofilm because zinc oxide is still a heavy metal. its high quality and We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. fcrnp ekytmzq chqpcishy vvvsgq idooj rmlc cqzs xceo tssh dwt fkq vwyg lvb giuo yhgzqe